Books
The Doctrine of Proportionality in the United States (in progress) (with E. Thomas Sullivan)
Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 2nd Edition. Volumes I-IV. [editor, with J. Dressler, T. Bernard, D. Denno, J. Hagan, D. Kahan, & C. Steiker] Macmillan Reference USA (2001)
Sentencing and Sanctions in Western Countries (Co-editor: Michael Tonry) (Oxford University Press, 2001).
Minnesota Misdemeanors and Moving Traffic Violations, 1st ed. 1982 (with Martin J. Costello & Phebe S. Haugen); 2nd ed. 1990 & Supps. 1991-98 (with Martin J. Costello & Stephen M. Simon); 3rd ed. (same co-authors), Lexis Law Publishing, 1999 and Supps. 2000-2006.
Criminal Evidence: Constitutional, Statutory, and Rules Limitations (1985 & Supps. 1985-92).
The French Code of Criminal Procedure (Rev. ed. 1988) (with Gerald L. Kock).
The Criminal Justice System: Materials on the Administration and Reform of the Criminal Law (1980) (with Franklin E. Zimring).
Articles, Monographs, and Chapters in Books
"What Factors Explain Persistent Racial Disparities in Minnesota's Prison and Jail Populations?" (in progress)
"Sentencing Guidelines in Minnesota - Past, Present, and Future" (in progress)
"Sentencing and Comparative Law Theory" (in progress)
"America's Sentencing Future," in: Corrections in the 21st Century, 4th Edit. (Frank Schmalleger & John Smykla, eds.) (McGraw-Hill, forthcoming) (updating essay in 3rd edition, 2005)
"The Role of the Public in Sentencing Policy Development under the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines," in: Public Opinion and Penal Populism: Sentencing Policy and Sentencing Councils (Arie Freiberg & Karen Gelb, eds.) (Willan Press, forthcoming 2007)
"The Defense Lawyer's Role in Negotiated Justice," in: Criminal Defense Facing New Challenges (Duncker & Humblot, forthcoming 2007)
"National Report: United States of America," in: Criminal Defense Facing New Challenges (Duncker & Humblot, forthcoming 2007)
"The Apprendi-Blakely Cases: Sentencing Reform Counter-Revolution?" Criminology & Public Policy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 403-32 (2007)
"France," in: Criminal Procedure: A Worldwide Study, 2nd Edit. (Craig Bradley, ed.), pp. 201-42 (Carolina Academic Press 2007) [updating chapter in first edition, 1999]
"Punishment and Sentencing Alternatives," in: Encyclopedia of Law and Society: American and Global Perspectives (Sage Publications, 2007)
"Blakely in Minnesota, Two Years Out: Guidelines Sentencing Is Alive And Well," Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 4, pp. 73-94 (2006)
"Proportionality Principles in the American System of Criminal Justice," Perspectives, The Magazine of the University of Minnesota Law School, Fall 2005, pp. 28-32
"Why Minnesota Will Weather Blakely's Blast" (with Dale G. Parent), Federal Sentencing Reporter, vol. 18, pp. 12-18 (2005)
"Punishment Purposes," in: Symposium, A More Perfect System: Twenty-five Years of Guideline Sentencing Reform, Stanford Law Review, vol. 58, pp. 67-83 (2005)
"The Warren Court's Missed Opportunities in Substantive Criminal Law," Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 3, pp. 75-103 (2005)
"The Impact of Contextual Factors on the Decision to Imprison in Large Urban Jurisdictions: A Multilevel Analysis" (with Robert R. Weidner and Jennifer S. Schultz), Crime and Delinquency, vol. 51, pp. 400-424 (2005)
"State Sentencing Guidelines: Diversity, Consensus, and Unresolved Policy Issues," in: Symposium, Sentencing: What's At Stake for the States? Columbia Law Review, vol. 105, pp. 1190-1232 (2005)
"Excessive Prison Sentences, Punishment Goals, and the Eighth Amendment: Proportionality Relative To What?" Minnesota Law Review, vol. 89, pp. 571-651 (2005)
"Sentencing Guidelines in Minnesota, 1978-2003," in: Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Michael Tonry, ed.), vol. 32, pp. 131-219 (2005)
"Explaining Sentencing Severity in Large Urban Counties: A Multilevel Analysis of Contextual and Case-Level Factors" (with Robert R. Weidner and Iain Pardoe), The Prison Journal, vol. 84, pp. 184-207 (2004)
"Historical and Comparative Perspectives on the Exceptional Severity of Sentencing in the United States" [reviewing: Harsh Justice: Criminal Punishments and the Widening Divide Between America and Europe, by James Q. Whitman (Oxford U. Press, 2003)], Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev., vol. 36, pp. 227-37 (2004)
"Limiting Retributivism," in: The Future of Imprisonment (Michael Tonry, edit.), pp. 83- 119 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2004)
"Legal and Extralegal Determinants of Inter-County Differences in Prison Use" (with Robert R. Weidner), Criminal Justice Policy Review, vol. 14, pp. 377-400 (2003)
Book Review, reviewing The Japanese Way of Justice: Prosecuting Crime in Japan, by David T. Johnson (Oxford U. Press, 2002), Criminal Law Bulletin, vol. 39, pp. 488- 94 (2003)
"Criminal Punishments", in The Oxford Companion to American Law, pp. 197-202 (Kermit Hal, edit.) (Oxford University Press, 2002)
"What Were They Thinking? Fourth Amendment Unreasonableness in Atwater v. City of Lago Vista," 71 Fordham Law Review 329-421(2002) [a shorter version entitled: "How Can a Clearly Unreasonable Arrest be a `Reasonable' Seizure?", appears in Search and Seizure Law Report, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 85-92 (West Group, 2003)]
"Sentencing Guidelines", in The Encyclopedia of American Law, pp. 391-93 (David Schultz, ed.) (Facts On File, 2002).
"Criminal Justice System", in Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 2nd Edition. (Dressler et al., edits.) Volume I, pp. 371-93 [with Robert R. Weidner] Macmillan Reference USA (2001)
"Criminalization and Decriminalization", in Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 2nd Edition. (Dressler et al., edits.) Volume I, pp. 347-61. Macmillan Reference USA (2001)
"Victimless Crime", in Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 2nd Edition. (Dressler et al., edits.) Volume IV, pp. 1626-29. Macmillan Reference USA (2001)
A County-Level Comparison of the Propensity to Sentence Felons to Prison, 1 International Journal of Comparative Criminology 1 (2001) (with Robert R. Weidner)
Sentencing in Germany and the United States: Comparing Äpfel with Apples. (Max Planck Institute, Freiburg, 2001).
"International Perspectives on Sentencing Policy and Research", in Sentencing and Sanctions in Western Countries (Michael Tonry & Richard S. Frase, edits.) (Oxford University Press, 2001)
Sentencing Guidelines in Minnesota, Other States, and the Federal Courts: A Twenty-Year Retrospective, 12 Federal Sentencing Reporter 69-82 (1999). [An abbreviated version entitled "Is Guided Discretion Sufficient? Overview of State Sentencing Guidelines" appears in 44 St. Louis University Law Journal 425-46 (2000).]
Review Essay: The Search for the Whole Truth about American and European Criminal Justice, reviewing: William Pizzi, "Trials Without Truth: Why Our System of Criminal Trials Has Become An Expensive Failure and What We Need to Do to Rebuild It" (1999), 3 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 785-849 (2000)
"France", in Criminal Procedure: A Worldwide Study (1999) (edited by C. Bradley)
"Jails", in Handbook of Crime & Punishment (Michael Tonry ed., 1998).
"Comparative Criminal Justice Policy, in Theory and in Practice," in 17 Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: From Diversity to Rapprochement, 17 Nouvelles Etudes Pénales 109 (1998).
Main-streaming Comparative Criminal Justice: How to Incorporate Comparative and International Concepts and Materials into Basic Criminal Law and Procedure Courses, 100 W. Va. L. Rev. 773 (1998)
"Fair Trial Standards in the United States of America", in The Right to a Fair Trial (1997), (edited by D. Weissbrodt & R. Wolfrum).
Sentencing Principles in Theory and Practice, 22 Crime & Just. 363 (1997).
Lessons of State Guideline Reforms, 8 Federal Sentencing Reporter 39 (July/August 1995).
German Criminal Justice as a Guide to American Law Reform: Similar Problems, Better Solutions?, 18 B. C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 317 (1995) (with Thomas Weigend).
Purposes of Punishment Under the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines (Symposium on Sentencing Guidelines and Guidance), 13 Crim. Just. Ethics 11 (1995).
"Sentencing Guidelines in Minnesota and Other American States: A Progress Report", in The Politics of Sentencing Reform (1995), (edited by C. Clarkson & R. Morgan).
Sentencing Laws and Practice in France, 7 Fed. Sentencing Rep. 275 (1995).
State Sentencing Guidelines: Still Going Strong, 78 Judicature 173 (1995).
Implementing Commission-Based Sentencing Guidelines: The Lessons of the First Ten Years in Minnesota, 2 Cornell J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 279 (1993).
The Role of the Legislature, the Sentencing Commission, and Other Officials Under the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines, 28 Wake Forest L. Rev. 345 (1993).
Sentencing Guidelines in the States: Lessons for State and Federal Reformers, Guest Editor's Observations, 6 Fed. Sentencing Rep. 123 (1993).
The Uncertain Future of Sentencing Guidelines, 12 L. & Ineq. J. 1 (1993).
Criminal Justice System, Encyclopedia of the American Constitution (Supp. 1) 132 (1992).
Defendant Amenability to Treatment or Probation as a Basis for Departure Under the Minnesota and Federal Sentencing Guidelines, 3 Fed. Sentencing Rep. 328 (1991).
Sentencing Reform in Minnesota, Ten Years After: Reflections on Dale G. Parent's Structuring Criminal Sentences: The Evolution of Minnesota's Sentencing Guidelines, 75 Minn. L. Rev. 727 (1991).
Comparative Criminal Justice as a Guide to American Law Reform: How Do the French Do it, How Can We Find Out, and Why Should We Care?, 78 Cal. L. Rev. 539 (1990).
Criminal Procedure in a Conservative Age: A Time to Rediscover the Critical Nonconstitutional Issues, 36 J. Legal Educ. 79 (1986).
Defining the Limits of Crime Control and Due Process, 73 Cal. L. Rev. 212 (1985).
Criminalization and Decriminalization, 2 Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice 438 (1983).
Victimless Crime, 4 Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice 1608 (1983).
The Decision to File Federal Criminal Charges: A Quantitative Study of Prosecutorial Discretion, 47 U. Chi. L. Rev. 246 (1980).
The Speedy Trial Act of 1974, 43 U. Chi. L. Rev. 667 (1976).
Links
Annotated Sentencing Bibliography
Other Recent Publications - Annotated Bibliography